Tutoring may not significantly improve attendance

The Hechinger Report

In early 2024, initial reports indicated that tutoring might not only help kids catch up academically after the pandemic but could also combat chronic absenteeism. More recent research, however, suggests that prediction may have been overly optimistic.

Stanford University researchers have been studying Washington, D.C.’s $33 million investment in tutoring, which provided extra help to more than 5,000 of the district’s 100,000 students in 2022-23, the second year of a three-year tutoring initiative. When researchers looked at these students’ test scores, they found minimal to modest improvements in reading or math.

“We weren’t seeing a ton of big impacts on achievement,” said Monica Lee, one of the Stanford researchers. “But what we were seeing at that point in time were promising findings that the tutoring might be doing something for attendance.” 

That is important because absenteeism soared after the pandemic. The National Student Support Accelerator, a Stanford-based organization that studies, promotes and seeks to improve tutoring, issued a March 2024 press release proclaiming that tutoring had increased student attendance in Washington, and could potentially address widespread chronic absenteeism, which was a particular scourge in the city. Soon after, Washington Mayor Muriel Bowser proposed an additional $4.8 million for tutoring

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Mentioned Publication

Effects of High-Impact Tutoring on Student Attendance: Evidence from the OSSE HIT Initiative in the District of Columbia

Student absenteeism, which skyrocketed during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, has negative consequences for student engagement and achievement. This study examines the impact of the High-Impact Tutoring (HIT) Initiative, implemented by the Office of the State Superintendent of Education in Washington DC, on reducing absenteeism. The HIT initiative was designed to mitigate learning loss by providing additional academic supports with a focus on students affected by the pandemic’s disruptions. Leveraging detailed daily school attendance and tutoring session data, we employ a within-student approach with student and date fixed effects to isolate the causal effect of having a scheduled tutoring session on daily school attendance. We find that the likelihood of being absent decreases by 1.2 percentage points on days when students have a scheduled tutoring session; this translates to a 7.0% reduction in absenteeism. These effects are most pronounced among middle school students and those with extreme absenteeism in the prior year, with reductions of 13.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Furthermore, key features of high-impact tutoring, such as in-school delivery and smaller tutor-to-student ratios, amplify the effect. These findings underscore the dual benefits of high-impact tutoring for both academic and engagement outcomes, highlighting its potential as a scalable strategy to addressing chronic absenteeism and promoting equitable access to supportive educational environments.